Getting to the Root Cause of Acid Reflux - Is H. Pylori at Play?

Acid reflux is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Characterised by a burning sensation in the chest, often referred to as heartburn, it occurs when stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus. While many individuals may experience it occasionally, for some, it becomes a chronic issue requiring further investigation. One potential culprit that has garnered attention in recent years is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a type of bacteria that can contribute to digestive problems.

In this post, we will explore the causes of acid reflux, the role of diet and lifestyle, the connection between H. pylori and acid reflux, symptoms, detection methods, and treatment options.

Acid reflux occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) doesn’t close properly, allowing stomach contents to flow back up into the oesophagus (1). The symptoms of acid reflux can vary in intensity and can include:

• Heartburn or a burning sensation in the chest
• Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
• Difficulty swallowing
• A sensation of a lump in the throat
• Chronic cough or hoarseness
• Chest pain, especially when bending over or lying down

These symptoms can significantly impact daily life, leading to discomfort and anxiety over eating or drinking. For many, identifying triggers and underlying causes is essential for effective management.

Diet and lifestyle can play a significant role in the development and exacerbation of acid reflux. Certain foods and beverages are known to trigger symptoms, including:

• Fatty or fried foods
• Spicy foods
• Citrus fruits
• Chocolate
• Caffeinated beverages
• Alcohol
• Mint

Additionally, lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, and sedentary behaviour can contribute to the frequency and severity of acid reflux episodes. Making mindful dietary choices and adopting healthier habits can help mitigate symptoms for many individuals.

H. pylori is a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the stomach lining and is known to cause various gastrointestinal disorders, including gastritis and peptic ulcers (2). Research has indicated that H. pylori may play a role in the development of acid reflux, and can determine the severity (3).

When H. pylori infects the stomach, it can lead to inflammation and damage to the stomach lining. This may result in an overproduction of stomach acid, which can contribute to symptoms of acid reflux. Furthermore, the presence of H. pylori can impair the function of the LES, increasing the likelihood of acid reflux occurring.

Many individuals with H. pylori infection may not experience symptoms. However, when they do occur, they can include (4):

• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Bloating
• Nausea
• Frequent burping
• Loss of appetite
• Unintentional weight loss

To detect an H. pylori infection, healthcare providers can utilise several diagnostic methods, including:

• Breath Test: A non-invasive test where patients ingest a solution containing urea; if H. pylori is present, it will break down the urea, producing carbon dioxide that can be detected in the breath.
• Blood Test: A blood sample can reveal antibodies to H. pylori, indicating past or current infection.
• Endoscopy: In more severe cases, a doctor may perform an endoscopy to visually examine the digestive tract and take biopsy samples for testing.

Treating acid reflux often involves a multi-faceted approach. If H. pylori is identified as a contributing factor, addressing the infection is crucial. Here are some treatment options available:

• Triple Therapy: This standard treatment for H. pylori infection typically consists of two antibiotics (such as amoxicillin and clarithromycin) combined with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) like omeprazole. This approach helps eradicate the bacteria while reducing stomach acid production (5).
• PPIs: Proton pump inhibitors are commonly prescribed to manage acid reflux symptoms. They work by blocking the production of stomach acid, thus alleviating discomfort and promoting healing of the oesophagus. These are often taken for several weeks after the course of antibiotics has finished.

For those seeking alternatives to conventional treatments, several natural remedies can help manage acid reflux and combat H. pylori:

• Probiotics: These beneficial bacteria can help restore balance in the gut and may reduce H. pylori levels (6). Foods rich in probiotics include yoghurt, kefir, and fermented vegetables.
• Garlic: Known for its antibacterial properties, garlic may help combat H. pylori. Incorporating fresh garlic into meals can be a tasty way to promote gut health (7).
• Green Tea: Rich in antioxidants, green tea may possess anti-inflammatory properties that can be beneficial for those suffering from acid reflux (8).
• Licorice Root: DGL (deglycyrrhizinated licorice) is often used to soothe the stomach lining and may help reduce symptoms of acid reflux. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting new supplements (9).
• Ginger: This natural anti-inflammatory can help soothe the digestive tract and alleviate nausea (10). Fresh ginger tea or adding ginger to meals can be beneficial.

Preventing acid reflux and H. pylori infection involves a combination of dietary adjustments and lifestyle changes.

• Focus on a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
• Limit consumption of trigger foods, particularly spicy, fatty, or acidic items.
• Eat smaller, more frequent meals to help prevent increased pressure on the LES.

• Maintain a healthy weight; losing excess weight can significantly reduce acid reflux symptoms.
• Avoid lying down immediately after meals—wait at least two to three hours before reclining.
• Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption, as both can exacerbate acid reflux.
• Elevate the head of your bed to prevent nighttime reflux.

Hearing from others who have faced similar challenges can be empowering. Here are a few personal stories shared by individuals who have battled acid reflux:

• Sarah's Journey: After struggling with persistent heartburn, Sarah learned about her H. pylori infection and underwent treatment. By changing her diet and eliminating trigger foods, she managed to regain control over her symptoms.
• James' Transformation: James discovered that his acid reflux was linked to his diet and lifestyle. Through a combination of natural remedies and dietary changes, he found relief and improved overall well-being.

Acid reflux can be distressing, but understanding the potential causes—such as H. pylori in some instances—empowers individuals to seek appropriate treatment and make informed lifestyle changes. Whether opting for conventional medical strategies or exploring natural health options, taking control of your health is vital.

If you suspect you might have an H. pylori infection or are struggling with acid reflux, consult with a healthcare professional. Remember, you don't have to navigate this challenge alone. With the right support and information, you can find a path toward relief and well-being.

Written by Amy Morris, BSc (Hons) Nutritional Therapy. Amy has been a nutritional therapist for 12 years, specialising in recent years as a functional medicine nutritional therapist. Women’s health, and pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes prevention are Amy’s specialist areas. Diagnosed with a chronic condition called endometriosis at age 20, this is what motivated Amy to study nutrition. Amy has been in remission for 6 years now, attributing powerful nutrition, lifestyle and bio-identical hormone strategies she now shares with her clients.

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